Electromagnetic-Thermal Analyses of Distributed Antennas Embedded into a Load Bearing Wall

The importance of indoor mobile connectivity has increased during the last years, especially Covid-19 pandemic. In contrast, new energy-efficient buildings contain structures like low-emissive windows and multi-layered thermal insulations which all block radio signals effectively. To solve this problem with connectivity, we study passive antenna systems embedded in walls low-energy buildings. We provide analytical models a load bearing wall along numerical empirical evaluations wideband back-to-back spiral system terms electromagnetic- insulation. are optimized to operate well when into walls. Unit cell wall, called signal-transmissive walls paper, developed analyze their electromagnetic insulation properties. show that our signal-transmissive improves transmission compared raw over wide bandwidth 2.6-8 GHz, covering most cellular frequency range 1, without compromising capability demanded by building regulation. Optimized deployment is shown 22 dB improvement through wall.